Just wanted to clarify a few things here.
That depends on which B18 you're talking about. If you are talking a B18A or B18B, then it's only going to be 130-140 hp. If you're talking about a B18C (the VTEC version) then it could be anywhere from 170-210 hp.
h23- 190 (expensive)
h22- 200 (expensive)
The H23 only puts out around 160 horsepower, unless you're talking about the ultra-rare JDM version that makes 200 something horses. And the regular 160 horsepower version is not that expensive.
The H22 itself is not that expensive either, when compared to the cost of a B18C. An OBD1 H22 swap would probably cost around the same as an OBD1 B16 swap, so they're not really that expensive in comparison. What would make it more expensive is the custom mounts and other customizing you would need to run one in a Civic chassis.
Depends on which version you get; the 01-05 Civic Si and base RSX motor only makes 160 horsepower, while the RSX-S or Type-R motors are going to be in the 200 range.
k24- 210-220 (im not sure on that one so don't rip my head off if its not right)
Once again, there are different versions, the ones from the Accord and CRV only make 160 something horsepower, while the TSX motor is in the 220 range.
Also, you should note that K-series motors are probably going to be the most expensive on average out of all the ones listed.
Between 130-140 horsepower for a typical B20. However, you can put a VTEC head on these motors just like you can with the non-VTEC B18. A B20 with VTEC might be an even better choice than a B18 with VTEC added because the B20 block puts out relatively good torque numbers for a Honda motor.
d-series- strong engines but not good performance choices
Not necessarily true. It all depends on what you're looking to do. If you slap a turbo kit on a d-series engine (make sure its properly tuned) you could have a decently fast motor for the streets. You can even do an all out build on a d-series motor, the parts are available. If you're looking to make huge horsepower numbers though it would probably be easier to start out with a b-series motor.
And finally, the H22 swap really isn't that bad if you're willing to put in the money for the mounts and other customizing. You'd also have to upgrade the front suspension to deal with the weight of the H22. If you're looking for a motor that you can drop into a Civic and have a fast car with good torque numbers then the H22 is an awesome choice. If you're looking to upgrade to something that's going to be reliable and give you some good performance numbers and has tons of aftermarket building options available (boosted or n/a), then go with a b-series. If you're just looking for a cheap motor swap to beat on or boost then go with a d-series.
K-series motors are very possible as well, and have amazing performance potential, but they are also going to be the most expensive swaps and require customization to install in older Civics.