This topic makes my head hurt.
First, gearing doesn't have anything to do with how a turbo spools. Nothing. Nada. Zip. Zero. Zilch. Gears are torque multipliers used to get the engine power transmitted to drive wheels and then to the ground. A turbo spools as the exhaust gas evacuates from the cylinders and is run past the turbine. From there the turbo spools up to its maximum speed, which is determined by how fast the gas is rushing past it. A larger turbine needs a larger amount of gas to push it.
Next, you don't want back pressure on any Honda. You want proper flow velocity for your intended purposes. Make the piping too big and you'll lose velocity which will hurt the scavenging effects the head[edit]er[/edit] has on the exhaust ports. Make the piping too small and the engine will have to spend energy pushing past the back pressure. Back pressure's bad, m'kay?
Next, why don't you just pick a properly sized turbo instead of being a rebel without a clue? I mean, c'mon man. You want to run a huge turbo on a D16 just to prove that it can be done? There's a reason to push an old man down a flight of stairs, but that doesn't mean you do it. If you want a daily driver, just pick the right sized turbo.
Lastly, why don't you pick a horsepower goal instead of a PSI goal? What's the highest compression you can run on a stock D16? I've seen 14:1. Generally speaking, you'll be fine with a turbo up to 10:1 with really good tuning. To your original question, yes the higher compression will make more off-boost power. Keep in mind that you aren't going to be rev'ing a D16 much past stock. My mildly built Z6 makes 135whp and my redline is 7500, where my tuner set it on the dyno. And that's with a Comp Cams 59300 "severe street/strip" cam ("stage 2" profile). I haven't seen many built n/a D16s that rev much past 8k, other than purpose built drag engines, and those engines have a lot of head work. So, how much power do you want to make? Or are you going to be happy with a turbo that's fully spooled 1000rpm before redline, just so you can say "I told you so"?